To Build a Fire

His pace of four miles an hour had kept his heart pumping blood to the surface of his body and to all the extremities.

But the instant he stopped, the action of the pump eased down.

The cold of space smote the unprotected tip of the planet, and he, being on that unprotected tip, received the full force of the blow.

The blood of his body recoiled before it.

The blood was alive, like the dog, and like the dog it wanted to hide away and cover itself up from the fearful cold.


So long as he walked four miles an hour, he pumped that blood, willy-nilly, to the surface; but now it ebbed away and sank down into the recesses of his body.

But he was safe. Toes and nose and cheeks would be only touched by the frost, for the fire was beginning to burn with strength.

He was feeding it with twigs the size of his finger.

In another minute he would be able to feed it with branches the size of his wrist, and then he could remove his wet foot-gear, and, while it dried, he could keep his naked feet warm by the fire, rubbing them at first, of course, with snow.

The fire was a success. He was safe. He remembered the advice of the old-timer on Sulphur Creek, and smiled.

The old-timer had been very serious in laying down the law that no man must travel alone in the Klondike after fifty below.

Well, here he was; he had had the accident; he was alone; and he had saved himself. Those old-timers were rather womanish, some of them, he thought.

All a man had to do was to keep his head, and he was all right. Any man who was a man could travel alone.

But it was surprising, the rapidity with which his cheeks and nose were freezing. And he had not thought his fingers could go lifeless in so short a time.

Lifeless they were, for he could scarcely make them move together to grip a twig, and they seemed remote from his body and from him.

When he touched a twig, he had to look and see whether or not he had hold of it. The wires were pretty well down between him and his finger-ends.

All of which counted for little. There was the fire, snapping and crackling and promising life with every dancing flame.

He started to untie his moccasins. They were coated with ice; the thick German socks were like sheaths of iron half-way to the knees; and the mocassin strings were like rods of steel all twisted and knotted as by some conflagration.

For a moment he tugged with his numbed fingers, then, realizing the folly of it, he drew his sheath-knife.

But before he could cut the strings, it happened. It was his own fault or, rather, his mistake. He should not have built the fire under the spruce tree.

He should have built it in the open. But it had been easier to pull the twigs from the brush and drop them directly on the fire. Now the tree under which he had done this carried a weight of snow on its boughs.

No wind had blown for weeks, and each bough was fully freighted.

Each time he had pulled a twig he had communicated a slight agitation to the tree--an imperceptible agitation, so far as he was concerned, but an agitation sufficient to bring about the disaster.

High up in the tree one bough capsized its load of snow. This fell on the boughs beneath, capsizing them.

This process continued, spreading out and involving the whole tree.

It grew like an avalanche, and it descended without warning upon the man and the fire, and the fire was blotted out! Where it had burned was a mantle of fresh and disordered snow.

The man was shocked. It was as though he had just heard his own sentence of death.

For a moment he sat and stared at the spot where the fire had been. Then he grew very calm. Perhaps the old-timer on Sulphur Creek was right.

If he had only had a trail-mate he would have been in no danger now. The trail-mate could have built the fire. Well, it was up to him to build the fire over again, and this second time there must be no failure.

Even if he succeeded, he would most likely lose some toes. His feet must be badly frozen by now, and there would be some time before the second fire was ready.

Such were his thoughts, but he did not sit and think them. He was busy all the time they were passing through his mind, he made a new foundation for a fire, this time in the open; where no treacherous tree could blot it out.

Next, he gathered dry grasses and tiny twigs from the high-water flotsam.

He could not bring his fingers together to pull them out, but he was able to gather them by the handful.

In this way he got many rotten twigs and bits of green moss that were undesirable, but it was the best he could do.

He worked methodically, even collecting an armful of the larger branches to be used later when the fire gathered strength.

And all the while the dog sat and watched him, a certain yearning wistfulness in its eyes, for it looked upon him as the fire-provider, and the fire was slow in coming.

When all was ready, the man reached in his pocket for a second piece of birch-bark.

He knew the bark was there, and, though he could not feel it with his fingers, he could hear its crisp rustling as he fumbled for it. Try as he would, he could not clutch hold of it.

And all the time, in his consciousness, was the knowledge that each instant his feet were freezing.

This thought tended to put him in a panic, but he fought against it and kept calm.

He pulled on his mittens with his teeth, and threshed his arms back and forth, beating his hands with all his might against his sides.

He did this sitting down, and he stood up to do it; and all the while the dog sat in the snow, its wolf-brush of a tail curled around warmly over its forefeet, its sharp wolf-ears pricked forward intently as it watched the man.

And the man as he beat and threshed with his arms and hands, felt a great surge of envy as he regarded the creature that was warm and secure in its natural covering.

After a time he was aware of the first far-away signals of sensation in his beaten fingers.

The faint tingling grew stronger till it evolved into a stinging ache that was excruciating, but which the man hailed with satisfaction. He stripped the mitten from his right hand and fetched forth the birch-bark.

The exposed fingers were quickly going numb again. Next he brought out his bunch of sulphur matches.

But the tremendous cold had already driven the life out of his fingers. In his effort to separate one match from the others, the whole bunch fell in the snow.

He tried to pick it out of the snow, but failed. The dead fingers could neither touch nor clutch. He was very careful.

He drove the thought of his freezing feet; and nose, and cheeks, out of his mind, devoting his whole soul to the matches.

He watched, using the sense of vision in place of that of touch, and when he saw his fingers on each side the bunch, he closed them--that is, he willed to close them, for the wires were drawn, and the fingers did not obey.

He pulled the mitten on the right hand, and beat it fiercely against his knee.

Then, with both mittened hands, he scooped the bunch of matches, along with much snow, into his lap. Yet he was no better off.

After some manipulation he managed to get the bunch between the heels of his mittened hands. In this fashion he carried it to his mouth.

The ice crackled and snapped when by a violent effort he opened his mouth.

He drew the lower jaw in, curled the upper lip out of the way, and scraped the bunch with his upper teeth in order to separate a match.

He succeeded in getting one, which he dropped on his lap. He was no better off. He could not pick it up.

Then he devised a way. He picked it up in his teeth and scratched it on his leg. Twenty times he scratched before he succeeded in lighting it.

As it flamed he held it with his teeth to the birch-bark.

But the burning brimstone went up his nostrils and into his lungs, causing him to cough spasmodically. The match fell into the snow and went out.

The old-timer on Sulphur Creek was right, he thought in the moment of controlled despair that ensued: after fifty below, a man should travel with a partner.

He beat his hands, but failed in exciting any sensation. Suddenly he bared both hands, removing the mittens with his teeth.

He caught the whole bunch between the heels of his hands. His arm-muscles not being frozen enabled him to press the hand-heels tightly against the matches.

Then he scratched the bunch along his leg. It flared into flame, seventy sulphur matches at once!

There was no wind to blow them out. He kept his head to one side to escape the strangling fumes, and held the blazing bunch to the birch-bark.

As he so held it, he became aware of sensation in his hand. His flesh was burning. He could smell it.

Deep down below the surface he could feel it. The sensation developed into pain that grew acute.

And still he endured it, holding the flame of the matches clumsily to the bark that would not light readily because his own burning hands were in the way, absorbing most of the flame.

At last, when he could endure no more, he jerked his hands apart.

The blazing matches fell sizzling into the snow, but the birch-bark was alight. He began laying dry grasses and the tiniest twigs on the flame.
He could not pick and choose, for he had to lift the fuel between the heels of his hands.
Small pieces of rotten wood and green moss clung to the twigs and he bit them off as well as he could with his teeth

To Build a Fire 1| To Build a Fire 2| To Build a Fire 3| To Build a Fire 4